How to choose concrete fiber?

How to choose concrete fiber?

I once watched a new slab crack in weeks. I felt stuck. Choices looked messy. I now use a simple path. I match fiber to job, mix, and risk.

I choose fiber by goal first. I write the performance I need. I match it to a fiber family. I check standards, dosage, and supplier proof. I confirm finish, pump, and cost. I then lock the spec and test a batch.

Fiber-reinforced concrete floor during placement and finishing, clean industrial site view

I will guide you step by step. I will share the checks that saved my jobs. I will keep the steps clear. You can copy this today.

What job must the fiber do?

I once picked by habit and lost money. The slab curled and cracked. I now start with the job. I tie the choice to a clear, measured result.

I map problems to outcomes. I pick fibers that deliver that outcome. I define how we will measure it. I then test a small batch and confirm workability.

Concrete fiber selection mapped from problems to outcomes in a simple infographic

Common goals

I write the real goal in plain words. I do not start with a brand. I keep the list short and testable.

Quick match table

Goal / ProblemBest First PickTypical LengthTypical Dosage*Example Uses
Plastic shrinkage cracksMicro PP monofilament6–12 mm0.6–1.0 kg/m³Slabs-on-grade, toppings
Joint count reduction / crack control after setMacro synthetic PP40–60 mm3–6 kg/m³Industrial floors, pavements
Structural residual strengthHooked steel fiber30–60 mm20–40 kg/m³Heavy-duty slabs, precast
Chloride or marine durabilityBasalt / AR-glass / PVA12–36 mmSee data sheetMarine, repair mortars
Impact and abrasionSteel or macro PP40–60 mmPer designLoading bays, tunnels

*I confirm dosage with the supplier test data for my mix and code path. I do not skip this step.

Which fiber type fits my mix and structure?

I once chose a strong fiber that would not pump. The crew fought the mix. I now check mix, placing, finish, and cover. The right pick must fit the method.

I list the fiber families. I note the pros and limits in plain words. I map them to my mix and crew tools. I then shortlist two options.

Side-by-side display of micro PP, macro synthetic PP, hooked steel, PVA, AR-glass, and basalt fibers

Fiber families at a glance

Fiber TypeWhat I getWhat I watch
Micro PP (monofilament/fibrillated)Control of plastic shrinkage. Safer finish. No rust.Low structural gain. Light dosage only.
Macro Synthetic PPResidual flexural strength. Lower joint count. Corrosion-free.Slump drop. Need finishing plan and proper dosage.
Hooked SteelHigh residual strength and toughness. Proven for heavy loads.Corrosion risk if cover is thin. Magnetic tools can help cleanup.
PVATight crack control. Good bond in repair mortars.Higher cost. Mix must suit. Finish can feel sticky.
AR-GlassAlkali-resistant for cement. Good for thin sections and render.Must be AR grade. Do not use standard glass.
BasaltHeat and chemical resistance. Stable in many mixes.Supply variance. I ask for test data on my cement.

Fit with methods

  • Pumping: I keep fibers under the limits the pump allows. I test with my supplier.
  • Finishing: I plan the bull float and trowel timing. I keep trial panels on site.
  • Cover and exposure: I check chloride class, freeze-thaw, and fire needs. I pick the safe fiber for the class.

How much fiber should I add and what length works?

I once used the right fiber and the wrong dose. The floor curled and joints failed. I now size by slab depth, panel size, and loads.

I start with the supplier design tables. I pick a length that matches slab depth and joint spacing. I pick a dose that meets the residual strength target. I always trial the mix.

Close-up of 50–60 mm fibers with a ruler and a scale to show length and dosage

Sizing and dosage rules I use

Length choice

Slab / ElementMy Go-To Length
Thin toppings (20–50 mm)Micro PP 6–12 mm or PVA 12–24 mm
Typical slabs (120–200 mm)Macro PP 40–60 mm or steel 35–50 mm
Heavy-duty / thick sectionsSteel 50–60 mm or macro PP 50–60 mm

Dosage starting points*

*I confirm with ASTM/EN test data and local codes.

FiberStart DosageTarget Metric
Micro PP0.6–1.0 kg/m³Lower plastic shrinkage cracks
Macro PP3–6 kg/m³Residual flexural strength per EN 14651/ASTM C1609
Hooked Steel20–40 kg/m³Residual strength class (R-values)
PVA / AR-Glass / BasaltPer data sheetCrack width, durability class

Mixing and placing

  • I add fibers slowly into a wet, moving mix.
  • I extend mixing time as the supplier says.
  • I watch slump and add superplasticizer, not water.
  • I mock a panel and confirm finish and saw-cut window.

How do I prove performance and manage risk?

I once trusted a brochure and skipped tests. That job came back. I now prove the design on paper and on site. I make risk visible and shared.

I ask for test reports that match my mix and code path. I design the floor with residual strength, not hope. I run a site trial and record results. I keep photos and batches.

Residual flexural strength testing of fiber-reinforced concrete beam in a lab
Use ASTM/EN test curves and a site trial panel to verify performance.

Design and test checklist

Paper checks

ItemWhat I ask forWhy it helps
Data sheet + SDSFiber type, length, aspect ratio, melt point, safetyClear spec and safe handling
Third-party testsASTM C1609 or EN 14651 residual strength curvesReal design inputs
Durability dataShrinkage reduction, freeze-thaw, chloride testsFit for exposure class
ApprovalsCE/UKCA/ISO/DoP where neededCompliance proof

Design notes

  • I set a residual strength target with my designer.
  • I pick joint spacing and panel size that the fiber can carry.
  • I model load cases for racking, wheel loads, and impact.
  • I align saw-cut timing with finish plan.

Site controls

ControlWhat I do
Trial panelI pour a small panel. I test finish, saw-cut, and edges.
Batch recordsI log fiber weight per truck and mixing time.
QA testsI run flexural beams where the spec needs them.
Finish planI brief the crew on timing, pans, and blades.

How do I balance cost and value?

I once bought the cheapest bag. The slab cost more later. I now count total cost, not price per kilo. I compare life and risk, not only strength.

I build a small scorecard. I weigh cost, performance, crew time, and warranty risk. I choose the best value, not the lowest tag. I share the math with my client.

Simple scorecard comparing macro synthetic and steel fiber on cost and performance
Choose by total value, not only price per kilo.

My simple scorecard

FactorWeightOption A (Macro PP)Option B (Steel)
Residual strength for loads30%8/109/10
Durability in chloride areas20%9/106/10
Finish and pump ease20%7/106/10
Material + labor cost20%7/106/10
Supplier support10%8/108/10
Weighted score100%8.07.2

I adjust the weights to fit the job. I write the reason for each score. I keep this with the spec.

Conclusion

I choose fiber by job, mix, and risk. I prove it on paper and on site. I then build with calm.

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